[Detection of somatic antigens in Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis]

Johne's disease or Paratuberculosis as a chronic granulomatosis enteritis in ruminants will be caused by Mycobacerium avium subsp . Paratuberculosis . Detecting whole bacterial cell wall antigens would be helpful in potential applications for diagnosis, vaccine production, and elucidation of pathogenesis . To determine secreted somatic cell antigens of Mycobacterium avium subspecies Paratuberculosis . Standard strain [III-V] of Mycobacterium avium subspecies Paratuberculosis DNA was extracted from the cultured and gene analysis was done using PCR to confirm bacterial purity . On the other hand, protein concentrations in both media and cell entracts were determined . Furthermore, all proteins pattern were shown by SDS -PAGE . Electrophoretic findings showed some somatic antigens in the range of 19 - 100 KDa. These purified somatic antigens can be used for further study and potential application in vaccine production

[ study of halothane anesthesia on the dog's kidney: histopathological and biochemical findings]

Inhalant anaesthetics are used widely for producing general anaesthesia in animals and humans.Approximately 20% of halothane uptake is metabolised via oxidative and reductive pathways during and following halothane anaesthesia in humans. Fifteen clinically healthy dogs were assigned in three groups [group 1, 2and 3] randomly. All dogs were anesthetized with halothane three times that was repeated 48 hours after the first anesthesia in all groups. Dogs in group one, two and three anesthetized for one, three and five hours respectively. All anesthesia were repeated every 48 hours as totally three anesthesia [D1, D2, and D3] were performed in each group. Jugular blood samples were obtained in 0 [before anesthesia], 1, 3, 5 and 24 hours after induction of anesthesia for measurement of BUN and Creatinin concentration. 72 hours after anesthesia, animals were euthanized and kidneys were removed for histopathological evaluation. No significant differences were observed in serum BUN and Creatinin concentration in group 1 in different sampling times compared with time 0 during study. In group 2 and 3 serum BUN and Creatinin were increased 3,5 and 24 hours compared to group 1 in third anesthesia [D3][P<0.05].In group 3 serum BUN and Creatinin were increased 1 hours after anesthesia compared to group 1 and group 2 in third anesthesia [D3] [P<0.05]. Microscopic findings revealed that there were not any pathological changes in group 1. However, kidneys of animals in group 2 and 3 were affected with acute tubular necrosis [ATN], medullary congestion and glomerular atrophy. Basement membrane of tubules with ATN appeared normal and necrotic cells were sloughed into the tubular lumens. The significant difference of BUN and Creatinin among the experiment groups revealed that long duration halothane anesthesia might be resulted in renal damage, decreased glomerular filtration rate and increased BUN and Creatinin

[ rare variation of sciatic nerve]

Sciatic nerve, as the largest branch of the sacral plexus and the thickest nerve of the body, forms from the union of ventral branches of L[4]-S[3]. Then it leaves the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis and descends between the greater trochanter and ischial tuberosity. Afterwards, it divides into the tibial and the common proneal nerves, most frequently at the level of the upper angle of the popliteal fossa. Bifurcation into its two major divisions may occur, anywhere, between the sacral plexus and the upper angle of the popliteal fossa. However, concurrent occurrence of these variations: dividing of the sciatic nerve into two terminal branches in pelvis, existence of piriformis with completely separated upper and lower parts, the common proneal nerve passing through the two parts of piriformis in which one part of inferior gluteal nerve fibers and tibial nerve passing under the lower part of this muscle in company with the other part of inferior gluteal nerve, is a rare and very important phenomenon. This phenomenon may be of great importance in view of both entrapment of these members between two parts of piriformis which can lead to "piriformis syndrome", and being next to the muscular injection site of the gluteal region. Furthermore, it might be of major significance for medical specialists in particular for anatomists and surgeons to reduce the postoperative complications

[Lectin histochemical method for the dectection of surface sugars in the adrenal medullary cells of embryos and newborn mice]

To distinguish the special effect of terminal sugar/sugars on development of adrenal gland medulla fetal or afterbirth. Determining the days that they are effective on development as inductive factors was another objective. In the study, we used of 12 females and 4 males BALB/c mice. Fetuses of all gestational days and newboms up to 15 days of age were fixed and processed by common histological techniques, and sections were obtained from adrenal region. The number of normal newborns and embryos were 78 heads. To distinguish the terminal sugars, we used lectins that are PNA [peanut agglutinin], VVA [vicia villosa agglutinin] and GSA1-B4 [griffonia simplia-B4]. Lectins were detected by DAB [diaminobenzidin] dye after binding to terminal sugars. Adrenal medulla cells reacted only to PNA at 13th gestational day to birth and up to 15[th] after birth. Several sections from all of specimens which we used for the lectin histochemistery study did not react to three other lectins. Findings of this study elucidated that Gal-GalNAc terminal sugar, which is specific to PNA lectin, is a key terminal sugar in studied days. So we suggest that Gal-GalNAc has a key role on adrenal medulla development at 13[th] fetal day to birth and 15 days afterbirth

histopathological changes of mice liver due to morphine administration

Morphine is an opioid analgesic and has known effects on different organs. This study was done to determine the histopatological; changes of liver due to morphine administration in adult mice. In this experimental study, 20 male Blab/c mice divided experiment and control groups. In experiment and control group, animals received 15mg/kg/day morphine and salin normal interperitoneally, for 2days respectively. Day 22 the livers were dissected under anesthesiology. Specimens were processed for histological study and stanied with H and E. In experimental group, small sites of necrosis with poly morphic inflammatory infiltration and debris formation of necrotized nucleus in death area, so hepatitis was suggested. Also accumulation of micro droplets of lipid inside the hepatocyte cytoplasm withont nucleus displacement [fatty damages with small vacuoles] observed in cases. In addition, microvesicular steatosis and mouth teeth necrosis in liver parenchyma with inflammation in the vein and portal space were seen in cases. Any changes was not seen in control group. The interperitoneal administration of morphine can cause histopatological changes in mice liver

[Distribution of Galactose-N Acetyl Galactoseamine on the surface of adult mice kidney cells]

Background and Objective: carbohydrate chains link to glycoproteins and glycolipids of the cell surface particulary their terminal sugars have key roles in cellular activities of almost all biological systems. Distribution of these glycoconjugates in adult kidney has not received fair attention yet. The purpose of this study was to identify in situ location of galactose - N - acetyle galactoseamine moleucles on the surface of the adult rat kidney

Materials and Methods: after the resection of rat kidney and rotin fixation with regular lectin histochemical technique, MPA and PNA conjugated to horseradish peroxidase, lectins specific to indentify these terminal sugars in rat kidney

Results: intense reaction of PNA to collective tubules, less intense and reaction with luminal surface of proximal tubules and MPA identified distinct cells among distal tubules as well as glomerules were observed

Conclusion: it seems that this specific sugars related to the cellulars function of this region of adult kidney and probably genetically is regulated during embryonic development